CMO20:Meteorology and oceanography 2 (MET O):SATURN
Course modified date: 8 Nov 2021
Synoptic chart and weather forecasting Interpreting weather forecasmfrom synpotic charts
Wtih an understanding of how the air moves and how clouds and rain form much prediction can be made by simply observing the sky overhead and observing wind direction and noting the temperature and humidity of the air . but tobe able to predict and forecast weather it is necessary to understand the development of weather systems such as depressions and anticyclones by means ofmisobar and plots. Meteorologist plot isobaric patterns on synopttic charts.
Interpreting Weather Forecastmform synoptic charts
The firdt stage in preparing a synoptic chart is to chart the position of each meteorological station. These are marked by a small circle.
the weather report for each station is then plotted in and around the circle, documenting the stations recorded temperature, rainfall, pressure wind speed and direction, and cloud coverage. The station circle and various elements of the weather make up weather symbols..
When plotting of the meteorological observations is completed, the forecaster then uses the values of pressure at all the stations to identify isobars - the lines of equal pressure. The completed synopticc cjhart with symbols and isobars usually reveal a few standard weather patterns, the positions of fronts and regions of low and high pressure can also be plotted on the synoptic chart chart, which show the weather conditons of the different areas at a particular time.
With skill and exprerience the meteorologistcan use the synoptic cartto forecast the weather up to 24 to 48 hours ahead. Synoptic charts are updated at least every six hours , plotting a new weather symbols and isobars, in order that the weather forecast can remain as accurate as possible.
Wind and Pressure System
Acts in all directions because the atmosphrere is a a gas. For example the weight of the air on the roof of a typical house is about 2,000,000 pounds, however the roof does not collapse because the same force acts on both the top and the bottom of the roof.
In the atmosphere as air is heated it expands, Because it expands it becomes less dense and therefore it rises. This creates an area of low pressure at the surface. As the warm air rises it begins to cool , eventually causing it to sink back to the surface creating an area of high pressure. In general air flows towards areas of low pressure and away from areas of high pressure.
Wind and pressure system
Wind is simply the air in motion. Ususally when we are talking about the wind it is the horizintal motion we are concernned about. If you hear a forecast of west winds of 10 to 20 mph that means that the horizontal winds will be 10 to 20 mph from the west..
Although we can not actually see the air moving we can measure its motion by the force that it applies on objects. For example on a windy day leaves ruslting or trees swaying indicate that the wind is blowing. Officially a wind vane measures the wind direction and an anenometer measures the wind speed.
The vertical componenent of the wind is typicallly very small (except in thunderstorm updrfats) compared to the horizntal component , but is very important for determining the day to day weather . Rising air will cool, often to the saturation ,and can lead to the clouds and precipitation. Sinking air warms causing evaporation of clouds and thus fair weather..
Wind and Pressure system
Wind and Pressure system
ference in pressure between the high and the low pressure areas. Wind speed is directly proportional to the pressure gradient. this means the stongest winds are in the areas where the pressure gradint is the the greatest.
Also notice that the wind direction (yellow arrows) is clockwise around the high pressure system and counterclockwise around the the low pressure system. in addition the direction of the wind is accross the isobars slightly away fom the center of the high pressure systemand toward the center of the low pressure system. why does this happen? to understand we need to examine the forces that govern the wind.
There are three forces that cause the wind to move as it does. All three forces work.
Pressure gradient force is a force that tries to equalize pressure differences. This is the force that caueses high pressure to push air toward low pressure. Thus air would flow from high to low pressure if the pressure gradient force was the only focre acting on it.
Pressure Gradient - the change in air pressure with distance.
Winds stert blowing perpendicular to the pressure gradinet, but the coriolis effect deflects the wind to the right in the northern hemisphere. Results in a spiral like effect in which the winds end up blowing parallel to the pressure isobars
Wind direction is generally given as the direction from which the wind is blowing. Therefore a westerly wind would be one that blows from the west to the east.
Effect of Coriolis force
However, becauses of the earth's rotation there is a second force, the coriolis force that affects the direction of the wind flow. Named after Gustav- Gaspard coriolis, the french scientest who described it mathematically in 1835, this force is what causes objects in the northern hemisphere to turn to the right and objects in the southern hemisphere to turnto the left.
One way to see this force in action is to see what happens when a straight line becomes curve. Picture the earth as a turntable spiinning counter clockwise . A ruler is placed spinning counter cloclkwise. Aruler is placed over the the turntable and a pencil will move in a straight line from the center to the edge while the turntable spins underneath. The result is a curved line on the turntable
Wtih an understanding of how the air moves and how clouds and rain form much prediction can be made by simply observing the sky overhead and observing wind direction and noting the temperature and humidity of the air . but tobe able to predict and forecast weather it is necessary to understand the development of weather systems such as depressions and anticyclones by means ofmisobar and plots. Meteorologist plot isobaric patterns on synopttic charts.
Interpreting Weather Forecastmform synoptic charts
The firdt stage in preparing a synoptic chart is to chart the position of each meteorological station. These are marked by a small circle.
the weather report for each station is then plotted in and around the circle, documenting the stations recorded temperature, rainfall, pressure wind speed and direction, and cloud coverage. The station circle and various elements of the weather make up weather symbols..
When plotting of the meteorological observations is completed, the forecaster then uses the values of pressure at all the stations to identify isobars - the lines of equal pressure. The completed synopticc cjhart with symbols and isobars usually reveal a few standard weather patterns, the positions of fronts and regions of low and high pressure can also be plotted on the synoptic chart chart, which show the weather conditons of the different areas at a particular time.
With skill and exprerience the meteorologistcan use the synoptic cartto forecast the weather up to 24 to 48 hours ahead. Synoptic charts are updated at least every six hours , plotting a new weather symbols and isobars, in order that the weather forecast can remain as accurate as possible.
Wind and Pressure System
Acts in all directions because the atmosphrere is a a gas. For example the weight of the air on the roof of a typical house is about 2,000,000 pounds, however the roof does not collapse because the same force acts on both the top and the bottom of the roof.
In the atmosphere as air is heated it expands, Because it expands it becomes less dense and therefore it rises. This creates an area of low pressure at the surface. As the warm air rises it begins to cool , eventually causing it to sink back to the surface creating an area of high pressure. In general air flows towards areas of low pressure and away from areas of high pressure.
Wind and pressure system
Wind is simply the air in motion. Ususally when we are talking about the wind it is the horizintal motion we are concernned about. If you hear a forecast of west winds of 10 to 20 mph that means that the horizontal winds will be 10 to 20 mph from the west..
Although we can not actually see the air moving we can measure its motion by the force that it applies on objects. For example on a windy day leaves ruslting or trees swaying indicate that the wind is blowing. Officially a wind vane measures the wind direction and an anenometer measures the wind speed.
The vertical componenent of the wind is typicallly very small (except in thunderstorm updrfats) compared to the horizntal component , but is very important for determining the day to day weather . Rising air will cool, often to the saturation ,and can lead to the clouds and precipitation. Sinking air warms causing evaporation of clouds and thus fair weather..
Wind and Pressure system
Wind and Pressure system
ference in pressure between the high and the low pressure areas. Wind speed is directly proportional to the pressure gradient. this means the stongest winds are in the areas where the pressure gradint is the the greatest.
Also notice that the wind direction (yellow arrows) is clockwise around the high pressure system and counterclockwise around the the low pressure system. in addition the direction of the wind is accross the isobars slightly away fom the center of the high pressure systemand toward the center of the low pressure system. why does this happen? to understand we need to examine the forces that govern the wind.
There are three forces that cause the wind to move as it does. All three forces work.
Pressure gradient force is a force that tries to equalize pressure differences. This is the force that caueses high pressure to push air toward low pressure. Thus air would flow from high to low pressure if the pressure gradient force was the only focre acting on it.
Pressure Gradient - the change in air pressure with distance.
Winds stert blowing perpendicular to the pressure gradinet, but the coriolis effect deflects the wind to the right in the northern hemisphere. Results in a spiral like effect in which the winds end up blowing parallel to the pressure isobars
Wind direction is generally given as the direction from which the wind is blowing. Therefore a westerly wind would be one that blows from the west to the east.
Effect of Coriolis force
However, becauses of the earth's rotation there is a second force, the coriolis force that affects the direction of the wind flow. Named after Gustav- Gaspard coriolis, the french scientest who described it mathematically in 1835, this force is what causes objects in the northern hemisphere to turn to the right and objects in the southern hemisphere to turnto the left.
One way to see this force in action is to see what happens when a straight line becomes curve. Picture the earth as a turntable spiinning counter clockwise . A ruler is placed spinning counter cloclkwise. Aruler is placed over the the turntable and a pencil will move in a straight line from the center to the edge while the turntable spins underneath. The result is a curved line on the turntable
- Professor: Saliong Dionisio T
- Enrolled students: 16
CMO20:Meteorology and oceanography 2 (MET O):MERCURY
Course modified date: 8 Nov 2021
Synoptic chart and weather forecasting Interpreting weather forecasmfrom synpotic charts
Wtih an understanding of how the air moves and how clouds and rain form much prediction can be made by simply observing the sky overhead and observing wind direction and noting the temperature and humidity of the air . but tobe able to predict and forecast weather it is necessary to understand the development of weather systems such as depressions and anticyclones by means ofmisobar and plots. Meteorologist plot isobaric patterns on synopttic charts.
Interpreting Weather Forecastmform synoptic charts
The firdt stage in preparing a synoptic chart is to chart the position of each meteorological station. These are marked by a small circle.
the weather report for each station is then plotted in and around the circle, documenting the stations recorded temperature, rainfall, pressure wind speed and direction, and cloud coverage. The station circle and various elements of the weather make up weather symbols..
When plotting of the meteorological observations is completed, the forecaster then uses the values of pressure at all the stations to identify isobars - the lines of equal pressure. The completed synopticc cjhart with symbols and isobars usually reveal a few standard weather patterns, the positions of fronts and regions of low and high pressure can also be plotted on the synoptic chart chart, which show the weather conditons of the different areas at a particular time.
With skill and exprerience the meteorologistcan use the synoptic cartto forecast the weather up to 24 to 48 hours ahead. Synoptic charts are updated at least every six hours , plotting a new weather symbols and isobars, in order that the weather forecast can remain as accurate as possible.
Wind and Pressure System
Acts in all directions because the atmosphrere is a a gas. For example the weight of the air on the roof of a typical house is about 2,000,000 pounds, however the roof does not collapse because the same force acts on both the top and the bottom of the roof.
In the atmosphere as air is heated it expands, Because it expands it becomes less dense and therefore it rises. This creates an area of low pressure at the surface. As the warm air rises it begins to cool , eventually causing it to sink back to the surface creating an area of high pressure. In general air flows towards areas of low pressure and away from areas of high pressure.
Wind and pressure system
Wind is simply the air in motion. Ususally when we are talking about the wind it is the horizintal motion we are concernned about. If you hear a forecast of west winds of 10 to 20 mph that means that the horizontal winds will be 10 to 20 mph from the west..
Although we can not actually see the air moving we can measure its motion by the force that it applies on objects. For example on a windy day leaves ruslting or trees swaying indicate that the wind is blowing. Officially a wind vane measures the wind direction and an anenometer measures the wind speed.
The vertical componenent of the wind is typicallly very small (except in thunderstorm updrfats) compared to the horizntal component , but is very important for determining the day to day weather . Rising air will cool, often to the saturation ,and can lead to the clouds and precipitation. Sinking air warms causing evaporation of clouds and thus fair weather..
Wind and Pressure system
You have probably seen a surface map marked with H's and L's which indicate high and low pressures centers. Surrounding these highs and lows are lines called isobars. Iso means equal and a bar is a unit of pressure . we connect these areas or equal pressure with a line . evreywhere along each line is a constant pressure. The closer the isobar are packed together the stronger the pressure gradient is. The pressure gradient is the difference in pressure between the high and the low pressure areas. Wind speed is directly proportional to the pressure gradient. this means the stongest winds are in the areas where the pressure gradint is the the greatest.
Also notice that the wind direction (yellow arrows) is clockwise around the high pressure system and counterclockwise around the the low pressure system. in addition the direction of the wind is accross the isobars slightly away fom the center of the high pressure systemand toward the center of the low pressure system. why does this happen? to understand we need to examine the forces that govern the wind.
There are three forces that cause the wind to move as it does. All three forces work.
Pressure gradient force is a force that tries to equalize pressure differences. This is the force that caueses high pressure to push air toward low pressure. Thus air would flow from high to low pressure if the pressure gradient force was the only focre acting on it.
Pressure Gradient - the change in air pressure with distance.
Winds stert blowing perpendicular to the pressure gradinet, but the coriolis effect deflects the wind to the right in the northern hemisphere. Results in a spiral like effect in which the winds end up blowing parallel to the pressure isobars
Wind direction is generally given as the direction from which the wind is blowing. Therefore a westerly wind would be one that blows from the west to the east.
Effect of Coriolis force
However, becauses of the earth's rotation there is a second force, the coriolis force that affects the direction of the wind flow. Named after Gustav- Gaspard coriolis, the french scientest who described it mathematically in 1835, this force is what causes objects in the northern hemisphere to turn to the right and objects in the southern hemisphere to turnto the left.
One way to see this force in action is to see what happens when a straight line becomes curve. Picture the earth as a turntable spiinning counter clockwise . A ruler is placed spinning counter cloclkwise. Aruler is placed over the the turntable and a pencil will move in a straight line from the center to the edge while the turntable spins underneath. The result is a curved line on the turntable
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Wtih an understanding of how the air moves and how clouds and rain form much prediction can be made by simply observing the sky overhead and observing wind direction and noting the temperature and humidity of the air . but tobe able to predict and forecast weather it is necessary to understand the development of weather systems such as depressions and anticyclones by means ofmisobar and plots. Meteorologist plot isobaric patterns on synopttic charts.
Interpreting Weather Forecastmform synoptic charts
The firdt stage in preparing a synoptic chart is to chart the position of each meteorological station. These are marked by a small circle.
the weather report for each station is then plotted in and around the circle, documenting the stations recorded temperature, rainfall, pressure wind speed and direction, and cloud coverage. The station circle and various elements of the weather make up weather symbols..
When plotting of the meteorological observations is completed, the forecaster then uses the values of pressure at all the stations to identify isobars - the lines of equal pressure. The completed synopticc cjhart with symbols and isobars usually reveal a few standard weather patterns, the positions of fronts and regions of low and high pressure can also be plotted on the synoptic chart chart, which show the weather conditons of the different areas at a particular time.
With skill and exprerience the meteorologistcan use the synoptic cartto forecast the weather up to 24 to 48 hours ahead. Synoptic charts are updated at least every six hours , plotting a new weather symbols and isobars, in order that the weather forecast can remain as accurate as possible.
Wind and Pressure System
Acts in all directions because the atmosphrere is a a gas. For example the weight of the air on the roof of a typical house is about 2,000,000 pounds, however the roof does not collapse because the same force acts on both the top and the bottom of the roof.
In the atmosphere as air is heated it expands, Because it expands it becomes less dense and therefore it rises. This creates an area of low pressure at the surface. As the warm air rises it begins to cool , eventually causing it to sink back to the surface creating an area of high pressure. In general air flows towards areas of low pressure and away from areas of high pressure.
Wind and pressure system
Wind is simply the air in motion. Ususally when we are talking about the wind it is the horizintal motion we are concernned about. If you hear a forecast of west winds of 10 to 20 mph that means that the horizontal winds will be 10 to 20 mph from the west..
Although we can not actually see the air moving we can measure its motion by the force that it applies on objects. For example on a windy day leaves ruslting or trees swaying indicate that the wind is blowing. Officially a wind vane measures the wind direction and an anenometer measures the wind speed.
The vertical componenent of the wind is typicallly very small (except in thunderstorm updrfats) compared to the horizntal component , but is very important for determining the day to day weather . Rising air will cool, often to the saturation ,and can lead to the clouds and precipitation. Sinking air warms causing evaporation of clouds and thus fair weather..
Wind and Pressure system
You have probably seen a surface map marked with H's and L's which indicate high and low pressures centers. Surrounding these highs and lows are lines called isobars. Iso means equal and a bar is a unit of pressure . we connect these areas or equal pressure with a line . evreywhere along each line is a constant pressure. The closer the isobar are packed together the stronger the pressure gradient is. The pressure gradient is the difference in pressure between the high and the low pressure areas. Wind speed is directly proportional to the pressure gradient. this means the stongest winds are in the areas where the pressure gradint is the the greatest.
Also notice that the wind direction (yellow arrows) is clockwise around the high pressure system and counterclockwise around the the low pressure system. in addition the direction of the wind is accross the isobars slightly away fom the center of the high pressure systemand toward the center of the low pressure system. why does this happen? to understand we need to examine the forces that govern the wind.
There are three forces that cause the wind to move as it does. All three forces work.
Pressure gradient force is a force that tries to equalize pressure differences. This is the force that caueses high pressure to push air toward low pressure. Thus air would flow from high to low pressure if the pressure gradient force was the only focre acting on it.
Pressure Gradient - the change in air pressure with distance.
Winds stert blowing perpendicular to the pressure gradinet, but the coriolis effect deflects the wind to the right in the northern hemisphere. Results in a spiral like effect in which the winds end up blowing parallel to the pressure isobars
Wind direction is generally given as the direction from which the wind is blowing. Therefore a westerly wind would be one that blows from the west to the east.
Effect of Coriolis force
However, becauses of the earth's rotation there is a second force, the coriolis force that affects the direction of the wind flow. Named after Gustav- Gaspard coriolis, the french scientest who described it mathematically in 1835, this force is what causes objects in the northern hemisphere to turn to the right and objects in the southern hemisphere to turnto the left.
One way to see this force in action is to see what happens when a straight line becomes curve. Picture the earth as a turntable spiinning counter clockwise . A ruler is placed spinning counter cloclkwise. Aruler is placed over the the turntable and a pencil will move in a straight line from the center to the edge while the turntable spins underneath. The result is a curved line on the turntable
g
- Professor: Saliong Dionisio T
- Enrolled students: 21